Papers of Julian Bond 1897-2006

United States. President (2009- : Obama)

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Biden, Joseph R. (Joseph Robinette), Jr., 1942-

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Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (born November 20, 1942) is an American politician serving as the 46th President of the United States. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 47th vice president of the United States from 2009 to 2017 under Barack Obama and represented Delaware in the U.S. Senate from 1973 to 2009. Biden was raised in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and New Castle County, Delaware. He studied at the University of Delaware before receiving his law degree from Syracuse ...

Democratic Party (Tex.)

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The Democratic Party in Texas has played an important role in the political history of Texas since its declaration of independence from Mexico in 1836. Settlers from the south and east brought an overwhelming allegiance to the Democratic Party, making it the only competitive political party in the state throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. The party’s dominance in local, state, and federal government over an ineffective Republican party, resulted in both a great influence o...

Brockovich, Erin,

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Tydings, Joseph D. (Joseph Davies), 1928-2018

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6hd7v86 (person)

Lawyer and former United State Senator from Maryland. From the description of Joseph D. Tydings papers, 1930-1986 (bulk 1964-1970). (University of Maryland Libraries). WorldCat record id: 22233155 Joseph Davies Tydings was born on May 4, 1928, in Asheville, North Carolina, to Thomas Cheeseborough and Eleanor Davies Cheeseborough. At the age of six, his mother divorced Cheeseborough; she later married Millard Tydings of Havre de Grace, Maryland, who adopted her s...

Newton, Huey Percy, 1942-1989

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6nq2xbc (person)

Huey Percy Newton was notable for being a co-founder of the Black Panther Party; Newton crafted the Party's ten-point manifesto with Bobby Seale in 1966. Under Newton's leadership, the Black Panther Party founded over 60 community support programs In 1967, he was involved in a shootout with the police. In 1968, he was convicted of voluntary manslaughter. In May 1970, the conviction was reversed. He went on to earn a PhD in social philosophy from the University of California at Santa Cruz's Histo...

Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 1908-1972

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Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (November 29, 1908 – April 4, 1972) was a Baptist pastor and an American politician, who represented the Harlem neighborhood of New York City in the United States House of Representatives from 1945 until 1971. He was the first African-American to be elected from New York to Congress. Re-elected for nearly three decades, Powell became a powerful national politician of the Democratic Party, and served as a national spokesman on civil rights and social issues. He also urg...

Negaro, Charles J.

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Giovanni, Nikki

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Award-winning poet, author, and civil rights activist, Nikki Giovanni, was born Yolande Cornelia Giovanni, Jr,. on June 7, 1943, in Knoxville, Tennessee, and was raised in Cincinnati, Ohio.A poet and spoken word artist, Giovanni entered Fisk University in 1960, where she edited the school's literary magazine and became involved in both the Writer's Workshop and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; she received her B.A. degree in 1967. Giovanni became active in the Black Arts Movement, ...

Javits, Jacob K. (Jacob Koppel), 1904-1986

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w69h6chb (person)

Jacob Koppel Javits (May 18, 1904 – March 7, 1986) was an American lawyer and politician. A member of the Republican Party, Javits served in the U.S. House of Representatives representing New York's 21st congressional district from 1947 to 1954, as the 58th Attorney General of New York from 1955 to 1957, and as a U.S. Senator from New York from 1957 until 1981. After graduating from New York University School of Law, he established a law practice in New York City. During World War II, he serv...

Carter, Jimmy, 1924-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6ph2fr6 (person)

Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter, Jr.), thirty-ninth president of the United States, was born on October 1, 1924, in Plains, Georgia, and grew up in the nearby community of Archery. His father, James Earl Carter, Sr., was a farmer and businessman; his mother, Lillian Gordy, a registered nurse. He was educated in the Plains public schools, attended Georgia Southwestern College and the Georgia Institute of Technology, and received a B.S. from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1946. In the Navy he became a ...

Bruner, Richard W.

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Donaldson, Ivanhoe

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Easley, Michael F., 1950-

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Cranston, Alan MacGregor.

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Cranston was a Democratic U.S. Senator from Calif., 1969-1993. From the description of Alan Cranston letters : TLS, 1969 and 1972. (California Historical Society). WorldCat record id: 122539548 ...

Evers-Williams, Myrlie.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6nc66br (person)

Civic leader and civil rights activist Myrlie Evers-Williams was born on March 17, 1933 in Vicksburg, Mississippi to Mildred Washington Beasley and James Van Dyke Beasley. Raised by her paternal grandmother and aunt, who were both schoolteachers, Evers-Williams graduated from Magnolia High School in 1950, and enrolled at Alcorn A&M College.She married Medgar Evers in 1951, who she met on her first day at Alcorn A&M College. The couple moved to Mound Bayou, Mississippi in 1952, where Ever...

Elijah, Muhammad, 1897-1975

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6gq6zvg (person)

Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945

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Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882, in Hyde Park, New York. He was the son of James (lawyer, financier) and Sara (Delano) Roosevelt. He married Anna Eleanor Roosevelt on March 17, 1905, and had six children: Anna, James, Franklin, Elliott, Franklin Jr., John. He received his B.A. from Harvard in 1904 and later attended Columbia University Law School. Roosevelt was admitted to the Bar in 1907 and worked for the Carter, Ledyard, and Milburn firm in New York City from 1907 to 19...

Rumsfeld, Donald, 1932-2021

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Donald Henry Rumsfeld (July 9, 1932 – June 29, 2021) was an American politician, government official and businessman who served as Secretary of Defense from 1975 to 1977 under Gerald Ford, and again from 2001 to 2006 under George W. Bush. He was both the youngest and the second-oldest person to have served as Secretary of Defense. Additionally, Rumsfeld was a three-term U.S. Congressman from Illinois (1963–1969), director of the Office of Economic Opportunity (1969–1970), counsellor to the presi...

Mondale, Walter F. (Walter Frederick), 1928-2021

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w65n6w39 (person)

Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale (January 5, 1928-April 19, 2021) is an American politician, diplomat and lawyer who served as the 42nd vice president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A United States senator from Minnesota (1964–1976), he was the Democratic Party's nominee in the 1984 United States presidential election, but lost to Ronald Reagan in an Electoral College landslide. Reagan won 49 states while Mondale carried his home state of Minnesota and the District of Columbia. In Octob...

Wilkins, Roy, 1901-1981

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6s46r5z (person)

Civil rights leader and journalist; d. 1981. From the description of Papers, 1915-1980. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 31605113 Roy Wilkins was born in St. Louis, Missouri, grew up in St. Paul, Minnesota and graduated from the University of Minnesota. Wilkins edited the KANSAS CITY CALL, a Black newspaper, from 1923 to 1931. Wilkins became Assistant Secretary of the NAACP in 1931 and became Executive Secretary in 1955. Under his leadership the NAACP grew to 350,000 members. ...

Democratic Party (U.S.)

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American Civil Liberties Union

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Founded in 1920 in New York City by Roger Baldwin and others; the ACLU was an outgrowth of the American Union Against Militarism's National Civil Liberties Bureau, which in 1920 changed its name to the American Civil Liberties Union. From the description of Collection, 1917- (Swarthmore College, Peace Collection). WorldCat record id: 42740878 The Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) located in Richmond is affiliated with the American Civil Liberties Union. The project deal...

Chisholm, Shirley, 1924-2005

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6wx86n7 (person)

Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm (1924-2005) activist, educator, politician and author was born in Brooklyn, New York, the oldest of four girls. She lived in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn with her factory worker father, Charles (originally from British Guyana) and her seamstress and domestic worker mom, Ruby Seale (who came from Barbados). Between 1927 and 1934, Chisholm was sent to live with her grandmother, Emaline Seale, in Christ Church, Barbados. Chisholm attended local school, ...

Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66n3x84 (person)

George Corley Wallace Jr. (August 25, 1919 – September 13, 1998) was an American politician who served as the 45th Governor of Alabama for four terms. He is best remembered for his staunch segregationist and populist views. During his tenure, he promoted "low-grade industrial development, low taxes, and trade schools". He sought the United States presidency as a Democrat three times, and once as an American Independent Party candidate, unsuccessfully each time. Wallace notoriously opposed deseg...

Goodell, Charles E. (Charles Ellsworth), 1926-1987

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66705bn (person)

Charles Ellsworth Goodell (1926-1987), lawyer, was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from upstate New York, 1959-1968, and U.S. Senator, 1968-1971. Although at first he was a conservative Republican, he adopted increasingly liberal views on public policy. After being defeated in his bid to return to the Senate because of his opposition to the Vietnam War, he practiced law in Washington, D.C. and served as chairman of the Presidential Clemency Board which reviewed applications for cle...

Gardner, John W. (John William), 1912-2002

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John William Gardner (1912-2002) was vice president of the Carnegie Corporation of New York from 1949 to 1955, and president of the Carnegie Corporation from 1955 to 1965. He was a member of President Kennedy's Task Force on Education in 1960, on President Johnson's Task Force on Education in 1964, and he served as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare from 1965 to 1968. From the description of Gardner, John William, 1912-2002 (U.S. National Archives and Records Administration)...

Ribicoff, Abraham A. (Abraham Alexander), 1910-1998

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Abraham Alexander Ribicoff (April 9, 1910 – February 22, 1998) was an American Democratic Party politician from the state of Connecticut. He represented Connecticut in the United States House of Representatives and Senate and was the 80th Governor of Connecticut and Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare in President John F. Kennedy's cabinet. He was Connecticut's first and to date only Jewish governor. Born in New Britain, Connecticut, to Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants from Poland, Samuel ...

Hartke, Vance

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Hartke served as U.S. Senator from Indiana from 1958 through 1976. An advocate of the New Frontier, Hartke saw the Vietnam War drawing resources away from social programs and opposed the war. From the description of Papers, 1966-1968. (Indiana Historical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 27983010 Rupert Vance Hartke (b. May 31, 1919, Stendal, Pike County, Indiana-d. July 27, 2003, Falls Church, Virginia) was a Democratic United States Senator from Indiana from 1959 until...

Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971

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Richard B. Russell (1897-1971), lawyer and politician, born in Winder, Georgia. Served as State Representative (1921-1931), Georgia Governor (1931-1933), and U.S. Senator (1933-1971). From the description of Richard B. Russell Jr. MacArthur hearing files, 1951-1953. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 38477265 Bill Westmoreland was a Clerk in the Superior Court of Gilmer County, Georgia. From the description of Bill Westmoreland letter from Richard B. Russell, 1965. (...

Franklin, A. June,

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Sarbanes, Paul

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Feingold, Russ, 1953-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6rc7wbb (person)

Russell Dana Feingold (born March 2, 1953) is an American lawyer and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin between 1993 and 2011. Born in Janesville, Wisconsin, he graduated from Craig High School there before earning a B.A. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, a B.A. from Magdalen College at the University of Oxford, and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. Feingold worked as an attorney at the private law firms of Foley & Lardner and La Fol...

Stokes, Carl, 1927-1996

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w62v49bs (person)

Carl Burton Stokes (June 21, 1927 – April 3, 1996) was an American lawyer, jurist, television personality, politician, and diplomat. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 51st mayor of Cleveland, Ohio. Born and raised in Cleveland, he dropped out of high school to work at Thompson Products, joining the U.S. Army at age 18. After his discharge in 1946, Stokes returned to Cleveland and earned his high school diploma in 1947. He then attended several colleges before earning his bach...

Georgia. General Assembly. House of Representatives

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The House Communications Office, previously known as the Georgia House Public Information Office, provides media credentials and workspace for journalists who cover the Georgia House of Representatives and serves as the direct liaison between the Office of the Speaker and media outlets in the state. The Director of Media Relations for House Communications, under the direction of the Director of Media Services, supervises the Communications staff to facilitate the coverage by reporters of legisla...

Jackson, Jesse, 1941-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w65v49sj (person)

The Reverend Jesse Louis Jackson, Sr., founder and president of the Rainbow PUSH Coalition, is one of America’s foremost civil rights, religious and political figures. Over the past forty years, he has played a pivotal role in virtually every movement for empowerment, peace, civil rights, gender equality, and economic and social justice. On August 9, 2000, President Bill Clinton awarded Reverend Jackson the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian honor. Reverend Jackson h...

Stokes, Louis, 1925-2015

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w61s7fsd (person)

Louis Stokes (February 23, 1925 – August 18, 2015) was an American attorney, civil rights pioneer and politician. He served 15 terms in the United States House of Representatives – representing the east side of Cleveland – and was the first African American congressman elected in the state of Ohio. He was one of the Cold War-era chairmen of the House Intelligence Committee, headed the Congressional Black Caucus, and was the first African American on the House Appropriations Committee. Stokes ...

Clark, Kenneth Bancroft, 1914-2005

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w63n23c7 (person)

Psychologist and educator. From the description of Kenneth Bancroft Clark papers, 1897-1994 (bulk 1935-1990). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 70982674 Social psychologist, educator, and author. From the description of Audio materials, 1950-1975 [sound recording]. 1950-1975. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 40723090 African American psychologist and educator. From the description of Papers, 1897-1994 (bulk 1935-1990). (Unknown). WorldCat record i...

Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6jf5kqm (person)

Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was born into slavery on the Eastern Shore of Maryland in 1818. He barely knew his mother, who lived on a different plantation and died when he was a young child and never discovered the identity of his father. When he turned eight years old, his slaveowner hired him out to work as a body servant in Baltimore. At an early age, Frederick realized there was a connection between literacy and freedom. Not allowed to attend school, he taught himself to read and wr...

Mbeki, Thabo

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Gaston, Paul M., 1928-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6g17wfr (person)

Professor of History at the University of Virginia. From the description of Oral history interview of Paul M. Gaston by Charles E. Moran [manuscript], January 12, 1988. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647920335 From the description of Oral history interview of Paul M. Gaston by Mohini Shapero [manuscript], November 29, 1995. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647920177 ...

Citizens Board of Inquiry into Health Services for Americans.

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David Pearson Associates,

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6sj73pb (corporateBody)

Center for Community Change

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w64v22kw (corporateBody)

King, Coretta Scott, 1927-2006

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Coretta Scott King (b. April 27, 1927, Marion, AL–d. Jan. 30, 2006, Rosarito Beach, Mexico) was the wife of Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. She attended Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio, and earned a degree from the New England Conservatory of Music studying under Marie Sundelius. She met King in Boston and they were married in 1953. They had four children: Yolanda (1955), Martin III (1957), Dexter (1961), and Bernice (1963).The King family lived in Montgomery, Alabama. Mrs. ...

Sutton, Percy E.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6891gz4 (person)

Inouye, Daniel K., 1924-2012

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6zx2b89 (person)

Daniel K. Inouye (b. September 7, 1924 – d. December 17, 2012) was a United States Senator from Hawaii from 1963 to 2012. He was a member of the Democratic Party and served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate from 2010 until his death. He also served as chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations. During World War II, Inouye served as part of the 442nd Infantry Regiment and lost his right arm to a grenade wound. He received several military decorations, including ...

Brooke, Edward W., III (Edward William, III), 1919-2015

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w61c261m (person)

Edward William Brooke III (October 26, 1919 – January 3, 2015) was an American Republican politician. In 1966, he became the first African American popularly elected to the United States Senate. He represented Massachusetts in the Senate from 1967 to 1979. Born and raised in Washington, D.C., Brooke graduated from the Boston University School of Law after serving in the United States Army during World War II. After serving as chairman of the Finance Commission of Boston, Brooke won election a...

Touré, Ahmed Sékou, 1922-1984

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Ahmed Sékou Touré was the first president of Guinea, serving from 1958 until his death in 1984. Touré was among the primary Guinean nationalists involved in gaining independence of the country from France. A devout Muslim from the Mandinka ethnic group, Sékou Touré was the great-grandson of the powerful Mandinka Muslim cleric Samori Ture who established an independent Islamic rule in part of West Africa. In 1960, he declared his Democratic Party of Guinea (Parti démocratique de Guinée, PDG) the ...

Hart, Philip A. (Philip Aloysius), 1912-1976

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6sn0b7s (person)

U. S. Senator from Michigan, 1959-1976. From the description of Philip A. Hart sound recordings, 1959-1976. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 747430732 U.S. Senator from Michigan, 1959-1976. From the description of Philip A. Hart papers, 1948-1976. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 34420860 Philip A. Hart was United States Senator from Michigan, serving from 1959 until his death in December of 1976. Born in Bryn Mawr,...

National urban league

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The National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes, later the National Urban League, resulted from the 1910 merger of three welfare organizations in New York, N.Y.: the Committee for Improving Industrial Conditions among Negroes in New York, the Committee on Urban Conditions Among Negroes, and the National League for Protection of Colored Women. From the description of Records of the National Urban League, 1910-1986 (bulk 1930-1979). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 71130941 ...

Kennedy, Ethel, 1928-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w61r7jg8 (person)

Cleland, Max, 1942-2021

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6b86r93 (person)

Joseph Maxwell Cleland (August 24, 1942 – November 9, 2021) was an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party from Georgia, he notably served as a Georgia State Senator from 1971 to 1975, as the 10th Administrator of Veterans Affairs from 1977 to 1981, as the 23rd Secretary of State of Georgia from 1983 to 1996, and as a United States Senator from Georgia from 1997 to 2003. Born in Atlanta, Georgia and raised in Lithonia, Georgia, he graduated from Lithonia High School before earni...

Hartman, Chester W

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6s770cz (person)

Jordan, Vernon E. (Vernon Eulion), 1935-2021

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w62628fd (person)

Vernon Eulion Jordan Jr. (August 15, 1935 – March 1, 2021) was an American business executive and civil rights activist who worked for Civil Rights Movement organizations before being chosen by President Bill Clinton as his close adviser. Born in Atlanta, Jordan grew up with his family in the segregated societal cosmos of Atlanta. An honors graduate of David T. Howard High School, he matriculated to DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, graduating in 1957, the only black student in a cla...

Moseley-Braun, Carol, 1947-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6165791 (person)

Carol Elizabeth Moseley Braun, also sometimes Moseley-Braun (born August 16, 1947), is an American diplomat, politician and lawyer who represented Illinois in the United States Senate from 1993 to 1999. Prior to her Senate tenure, Moseley Braun was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1979 to 1988 and served as Cook County Recorder of Deeds from 1988 to 1992. She was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1992 after defeating Senator Alan Dixon in a Democratic primary. Moseley Braun ser...

Glendening, Parris N.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w69p4xc4 (person)

Proxmire, William

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w62n57fm (person)

Free Southern Theater

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Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66793pq (person)

Lyndon Baines Johnson, also known as LBJ, was born on August 27, 1908 at Stonewall, Texas. He was the first child of Sam Ealy Johnson, Jr., and Rebekah Baines Johnson, and had three sisters and a brother: Rebekah, Josefa, Sam Houston, and Lucia. In 1913, the Johnson family moved to nearby Johnson City, named for Lyndon''s forebears, and Lyndon entered first grade. On May 24, 1924 he graduated from Johnson City High School. He decided to forego higher education and moved to California with a few ...

Jackson, Maynard, 1938-2003

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w65z31vs (person)

Maynard Holbrook Jackson Jr. (March 23, 1938 – June 23, 2003) was an American politician and attorney from Georgia. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected in 1973 at the age of 35 as the first black mayor of Atlanta, Georgia. Served three terms from 1974 to 1982 and 1990 to 1994, he is the second longest-serving mayor of Atlanta after six-term mayor William B. Hartsfield. Born in Dallas, Texas, he attended David T. Howard High School in Atlanta and Morehouse College, a historically ...

Southern Elections Fund.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6228bwz (corporateBody)

Gilden, Bert, -1971

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w68920p4 (person)

Cohen, William S. (William Sebastian), 1940-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66j5846 (person)

William Sebastian Cohen (born August 28, 1940) is an American politician, lawyer and author. A member of the Republican Party, he represented Maine's 2nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1973 to 1979, as U.S. Senator from Maine from 1979 to 1997, and as Secretary of Defense under President Bill Clinton from 1997 to 2001. Born in Bangor, Maine, he attended public schools there, graduating from Bangor High School before earning a B.A. from Bowdoin College and an ...

Moore, Howard

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6q838mm (person)

O'Hara, James G.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6611v2n (person)

Democratic congressman from Michigan, member of the House committees on Education and Labor, Interior and Insular Affairs, Budget, and the Joint Committee on Congressional Operations; and chairman of the Democratic Study Group, 1967-1968, and chairman of the Democratic Party Commission on Rules, 1969-1972. From the description of James G. O'Hara papers, 1958-1987. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 79077488 From the description of James G. O'Hara papers, 1955-1976...

Southern Regional Council

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6wx18ct (corporateBody)

The Help Our Public Education (HOPE) project was established in 1958 by a group of community leaders and concerned citizens to disseminate information regarding school integration in Georgia. After the Supreme Court's school desegregation decision of 1954, HOPE anticipated that many of Georgia's public schools would close, because the state would refuse to comply. HOPE believed an informed public would take the necessary action through elected representatives to keep Georgia's public schools ope...

Richards, Ann, 1933-2006

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6912v1h (person)

Dorothy Ann Richards (née Willis; September 1, 1933 – September 13, 2006) was an American politician and 45th Governor of Texas (1991–95). A Democrat, she first came to national attention as the Texas State Treasurer, when she gave the keynote address at the 1988 Democratic National Convention. Richards was the second female governor of Texas and was frequently noted in the media for her outspoken feminism and her one-liners. Born in Lacy-Lakeview, Texas, Richards became a schoolteacher after...

Muskie, Edmund S., 1914-1996

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6bc417s (person)

Governor of Maine, U.S. senator, U.S. secretary of state, of Waterville, Me.; d. 1996. From the description of Christmas card, 1957. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 70926049 United States senator from Maine. From the description of Address : at water symposium, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1966 June 15. (Buffalo History Museum). WorldCat record id: 33841361 Politician, governor of Maine, U.S. senator from Maine, and U.S. Secretary of State; d....

Marshall, Thurgood, 1908-1993

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w658224h (person)

Thurgood Marshall (b. July 2, 1908, Baltimore, Maryland – d. January 24, 1993, Washington, D.C.) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice. Before becoming a judge, Marshall was a lawyer who was best known for his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education, a 1954 decision that ruled t...

Seitz, Paul L., 1906-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66x16zd (person)

Mfume, Kweisi, 1948-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w62g8cpt (person)

Kweisi Mfume (born Frizzell Gerald Gray; October 24, 1948) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for Maryland's 7th congressional district, first serving from 1987 to 1996 and again since 2020. He first left his seat to become the president and CEO of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), a position he held from 1996 to 2004. In 2006, he ran for the U.S. Senate seat that was being vacated by Paul Sarbanes, narrowly losing the Democratic primar...

Cannon, Howard W.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6hd91cc (person)

Senator Cannon strongly supported the Great Society programs and the War on Poverty. As a decorated World War II pilot, he was particularly interested in aviation issues. From the description of [Howard Cannon Collection]. 1958-1983. (University of Nevada, Las Vegas Libraries). WorldCat record id: 459820231 ...

Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66j56vs (person)

Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was an American politician who served as the 38th vice president of the United States from 1965 to 1969. He twice served in the United States Senate, representing Minnesota from 1949 to 1964 and 1971 to 1978. He was the Democratic Party's nominee in the 1968 presidential election, losing to Republican nominee Richard Nixon. Born in Wallace, South Dakota, Humphrey attended the University of Minnesota. At one point he helped run his ...

Saxbe, William Bart, 1941-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w69g5kxg (person)

Young, Andrew, 1932-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6fv9b75 (person)

Andrew Jackson Young Jr. (born March 12, 1932) is an American politician, diplomat, and activist. Beginning his career as a pastor, Young was an early leader in the civil rights movement, serving as executive director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and a close confidant to Martin Luther King Jr. Young later became active in politics, serving as a U.S. Congressman from Georgia, United States Ambassador to the United Nations in the Carter Administration, and 55th Mayor of A...

Avant, Clarence

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6nc7ws7 (person)

Music executive Clarence Avant was born on February 25, 1931 in the small town of Climax, North Carolina. He went to school through his junior high years in a one-room school house before attending James B. Dudley High School in Greensboro, North Carolina. At the age of sixteen, Avant decided to move to New Jersey to live with his aunt and cousin. He began working as a manager at Teddy P's Lounge, owned by Teddy Powell, where he met the blues artist Little Willie John. Little Willie John was so ...

Clark, Leroy D., 1934-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6sn25h2 (person)

Breyer, Stephen G., 1938-....

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6vj6cbd (person)

Stephen Gerald Breyer (b. 1938), lawyer, educator, government, was Special Assistant to the Assistant Attorney General at the Department of Justice from 1965 to 1967, and assistant professor of law at Harvard University from 1967 to 1970. He later served as Special Counsel for the Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. Senate from 1974 to 1981. From the description of Breyer, Stephen G. (Stephen Gerald), 1938- (U.S. National Archives and Records Administration). naId: 10581005 ...

Hatcher, Richard G. (Richard Gordon), 1933-2019

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6wr0vtk (person)

Richard Gordon Hatcher (July 10, 1933 – December 13, 2019) was an American attorney and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the first African-American mayor of Gary, Indiana from 1968 to 1988. At the time of his first election on November 7, 1967, he and Carl Stokes were the first African-Americans to be elected mayors of a U.S. city with more than 100,000 people. Hatcher also served as Vice-Chairman of the Democratic National Committee in the early 1980s. Born in Michi...

Kerry, John F., 1943-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w68m81cw (person)

John Forbes Kerry was born on December 11, 1943, in Aurora, Colorado. He was one of four children born to Rosemary Kerry and Richard Kerry, who served as a Foreign Service Officer for the U.S. State Department. Shortly after he was born, his family moved to Massachusetts. After graduating from Yale University, Kerry enlisted in the United States Navy and served two tours of duty in Vietnam. During his service, he earned a Silver Star, a Bronze Star with Combat V, and three Purple Hearts. After r...

Hudson, Frank Parker

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6v71f2n (person)

Reeves, Rosser,

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w689329d (person)

Edwards, John, 1953 June 10-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6q53xxg (person)

Parham, Johnny E.,

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6hh8fhs (person)

Boyle, Kay, 1902-1992

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6q81d3s (person)

Kay Boyle (1902-1992) was an American avant garde writer and poet. She lived in San Francisco, Newark, Delaware, and Rowayton, Connecticut, when she wrote these letters. From the description of Kay Boyle letters and poems, 1935-1975. (Pennsylvania State University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 33890909 Kay Boyle was an American essayist, novelist, short-story writer, translator, essayist, and translator. From the description of Kay Boyle collection of papers, 1...

Taylor, William L., 1931-2010

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w64q8hjq (person)

Civil rights lawyer and educator. From the description of William L. Taylor papers, 1971-1996 (bulk 1987-1992). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 70983850 William Lewis Taylor (October 4, 1931-June 28, 2010) was a prominent lawyer and civil rights activist. For over five decades, he advocated tirelessly on behalf of African-Americans facing discrimination in education, housing, and voting, and played a key role in writing federal laws guaranteeing the rights of all Americans re...

Farmer, James Leonard, Jr., 1920-1999

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6039jfq (person)

Civil rights leader, author, labor organizer, and teacher, James Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born on January 12, 1920, in Marshall, Texas. He earned degrees from Wiley College (1938) and the Howard University School of Divinity (1940). Farmer went on to found the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) which played a key role in the Civil Rights movement, particularly in launching the Freedom Rides in the summer of 1961. These bus rides tested the federal interstate transportation accommodations at bus t...

Wilkinson, J. Harvie, 1944-....

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6dr4f92 (person)

Massell, Sam

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6m61kj2 (person)

Businessman and mayor of Atlanta, Ga.; b. 1927. From the description of Papers, 1889-1983. (Atlanta History Center). WorldCat record id: 28414437 ...

Winfrey, Oprah, 1954-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6d79cm0 (person)

Oprah Winfrey is an American talk show host, television producer, actress, author, and philanthropist. She is best known for her talk show, The Oprah Winfrey Show, broadcast from Chicago, which was the highest-rated television program of its kind in history and ran in national syndication for 25 years, from 1986 to 2011. Dubbed the "Queen of All Media," she was the richest African-American of the 20th century, was once the world's only Black billionaire and the greatest Black philanthropist in U...

Udall, Morris K.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6xk8ft7 (person)

Biographical note: Legislator; Morris King "Mo" Udall served as U.S. Representative from Arizona from May 1961 to May 1991. Born on June 15, 1922, in St. John's, Arizona, Mo Udall served in World War II, graduated from the University of Arizona and was elected to Congress in 1961 to fill the seat vacated by his brother, Stewart Udall who became Secretary of the Interior during the Kennedy Administration. During Mo Udall's tenure as Congressman, he was best known for his championship of environme...

National Sharecroppers' Fund (U.S.)

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w68q18gh (corporateBody)

The Southern Rural Training Project was sponsored by the Southern Sharecroppers' Fund and funded through the U.S. Office of Economic Opportunity. The project was designed to assist in the development of community action, education, and job-training programs in the rural areas of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee. From the description of Southern Rural Training Project records, 1967-1968. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 38476694 ...

Southern Poverty Law Center

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w60s4smv (corporateBody)

Dodd, Thomas J. (Thomas Joseph), 1907-1971

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w62j70gw (person)

Thomas Joseph Dodd, the third generation of his family to reside in Connecticut, was born in Norwich on 15 May 1907. During his career he served two terms in the U.S. Senate, and became well known for his work on the Nuremburg Trials where he served as Vice-Chairman of the Review Board and Executive Trial Counsel. After an unsuccessful campaign for the Senate in 1970, Dodd retired from public life and died in 1971 at the age of 64. From the description of Thomas J. Dodd papers, 1919-...

Kaplan, Kivie, 1904-1975

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6dr3jfq (person)

Kivie Kaplan was born on April 1, 1904 in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1924, Kivie Kaplan and his brothers took over their father's leather businesses. He had joined the N.A.A.C.P. in 1932 and was elected President in 1966; he held that post until his death. ...

Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66v1b4m (person)

James Strom Thurmond Sr. (December 5, 1902 – June 26, 2003) was an American military officer and politician who served for 48 years as a United States Senator from South Carolina. He ran for president in 1948 as the Dixiecrat candidate on a States' rights platform supporting racial segregation. He received 2.4% of the popular vote and 39 electoral votes, failing to defeat Harry Truman. Thurmond represented South Carolina in the United States Senate from 1954 until 2003, at first as a Southern De...

Peterson, Donald O. (Donald Oliver), 1925-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6c5508f (person)

Schweiker, Richard S. (Richard Schultz), 1926-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6hd98gm (person)

United States congressman, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. From the description of Correspondence to Edward F. Fry, 1961. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 212908346 Richard Schultz Schweiker was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania, in 1926. After serving in the U.S. Navy from 1944 to 1946, he graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the Pennsylvania State College in 1950. Following a ten-year career in manufacturing and sales, Schweiker was elected as a Senator t...

Democratic National Convention 1984 San Francisco, Calif.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6zh198c (corporateBody)

McNeil, Genna Rae

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6gf0s96 (person)

Lincoln University, Pa.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6c57r2m (corporateBody)

Ashmun Institute was founded in 1854 by John Miller Dickey, a Presbyterian minister, with the purpose of preparing freedmen to christianize Africa; named after Jehudi Ashmun, the first governor of Liberia, it was the first college established in the U.S. to have as its original purpose the higher education of youth of African descent; interracial and international; renamed Lincoln University in 1866, becoming the first educational institution named for the assassinated president; first recorded ...

Nelson, Jack, 1929-2009

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6jq535d (person)

Democratic National Convention (1968 : Chicago)

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Hoffa, James Phillip, 1941-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6wt2w14 (person)

NAACP National Convention 2007 : Detroit)

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6rn9w45 (corporateBody)

Democratic National Convention (2008 : Denver)

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6r56c6w (corporateBody)

Thomas, Clarence, 1948-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w68x43sp (person)

Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated by President George H. W. Bush on July 1, 1991, to succeed Thurgood Marshall and is the second African American to serve on the Court. Thomas's service began October 23, 1991. Upon the retirement of Anthony Kennedy in 2018, Thomas became the most senior member of the Supreme Court, that is, the longest-serving current Justice, with a tenure of 28 years, 308 days as of August 2...

White Burkett Miller Center

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66h9t1n (corporateBody)

The White Burkett Miller Center of Public Affairs is a non-partisan research center at the University of Virginia, established in 1975, that studies the national and international policies of the United States, with a special focus on American presidents and the presidency. (per Miller Center website). The Presidential Oral History Program, a public service, invites members of former presidential administrations to spend a day or two of quiet time with small groups of sc...

Evers, Charles, 1922-....

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6795wth (person)

Civic activist and political leader Charles Evers was born on September 11, 1922 in Decatur, Mississippi to Jess Wright and James Evers. Evers received his B.S. degree from Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College in Lorman, Mississippi in 1950.Evers enlisted in the United States Army and served overseas during World War II. After his return to the U.S., he began working as the first African American disc jockey at WHOC Radio station in Philadelphia, Mississippi in 1951. There, he worked for a...

Little, Joanna

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66125xz (person)

NAACP National Voter Fund Empowerment 2009 GOTV Program.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6p04w7f (corporateBody)

Wright, Jeremiah A., Jr.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66x3crj (person)

Considered a "preacher par excellence," Reverend Jeremiah A. Wright, Jr. was born on September 22, 1941, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His parents, Reverend Jeremiah Wright, Sr., and Dr. Mary Henderson Wright, were his earliest influences instilling in him the possibility of balancing the intellectual with the spiritual. Armed with this philosophical upbringing, Wright has pastored Chicago's Trinity United Church of Christ since 1972, seeing its membership grow from eighty-seven adult members t...

Herman, Edward S.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6mh016p (person)

Seaton, Esta Klein, 1923-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w67123h2 (person)

Clinton, Bill, 1946-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6sv8ftr (person)

Russell, Leon, 1942-2016

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w65t7j9z (person)

Leon Russell (born Claude Russell Bridges; April 2, 1942 – November 13, 2016) was an American musician and songwriter who was involved with numerous bestselling records during his 60-year career that spanned multiple genres, including rock and roll, country, gospel, bluegrass, rhythm and blues, southern rock, blues rock, folk, surf and the Tulsa sound. His recordings earned six gold records and he received two Grammy Awards from seven nominations. In 2011, he was inducted into both the Rock and ...

Gritter, Elizabeth

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6k97985 (person)

Meredith, James Howard, 1933-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6m067tb (person)

James Howard Meredith (born June 25, 1933) is an American civil rights activist, writer, political adviser, and United States Air Force veteran who became, in 1962, the first African-American student admitted to the racially segregated University of Mississippi after the intervention of the federal government. In 1966, Meredith planned a solo 220-mile March Against Fear from Memphis, Tennessee, to Jackson, Mississippi. On the second day, he was shot by a white gunman and suffered numerous wound...

Dean, Howard, 1948-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6tn82wb (person)

Howard Brush Dean III (born November 17, 1948) is an American physician, author, lobbyist, and retired politician who served as governor of Vermont from 1991 to 2003 and chair of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) from 2005 to 2009. Dean was a candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2004 presidential election. His implementation of the fifty-state strategy as head of the DNC is credited with the Democratic victories in the 2006 and 2008 elections. Afterward, he became a political com...

Obama, Barack, 1961-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6f29nwg (person)

Barack H. Obama is the 44th President of the United States. Few presidents have walked a more improbable path to the White House. Born in Hawaii to a mother from Kansas and a father from Kenya, Obama was raised with help from his grandparents, whose generosity of spirit reflected their Midwestern roots. The homespun values they instilled in him, paired with his innate sense of optimism, compelled Obama to devote his life to giving every child, regardless of his or her background, the same cha...

Democratic Party (Ga.)

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6pw0mxj (corporateBody)

Kennedy, Edward Moore, 1932-2009

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w64c3qcm (person)

Edward Moore Kennedy (b. Feb. 22, 1932, Boston, Mass.-d. Aug. 25, 2009), graduated from Harvard University with a B.A. in government in 1956, and received his LL.B. from the University of Virginia in 1959. He served in the United States Army from 1951 to 1953. He was elected democratic senator from Massachusetts in 1962, served until his death in August 2009. He was the Assistant District Attorney for Suffolk County from 1961 to 1962, and sought the Democratic nomination for president in 1980....

Democratic National Convention (1968 : Chicago, Ill.)

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w63z1wn2 (corporateBody)

Holder, Eric H., 1951-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6wm1kh7 (person)

Eric Himpton Holder was born on January 21, 1951, in the Bronx, New York. His mother was a telephone operator and secretary and his father was in the real estate industry. In 1969, Holder earned his high school diploma and a Regents Scholarship from Stuyvesant High School.Holder received his B.A. degree in American history in 1973 from Columbia University where he became active in civil rights. He graduated from Columbia Law School in 1976. While a law student, he clerked for the NAACP Legal Def...

Davidson, Carl, 1943-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6dr30h0 (person)

Southern Elections Fund.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6xq16dp (corporateBody)

Ricks, Willie.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6474g17 (person)

DuBois, Gordon.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w65h7n93 (person)

Virginia State University

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6np656n (corporateBody)

Thelwell, Michael

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6cr604w (person)

Wicker, Tom

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66d5zdp (person)

Thomas Grey Wicker (1926- ), journalist and author, worked for the "Winston-Salem Journal"; the "Nashville Tennesseean"; and served as staff writer, chief of the Washington bureau, and associate editor for the "New York Times." He wrote numerous works of fiction and non-fiction, including several presidential biographies. From the description of Tom Wicker papers, 1917-1998 [manuscript]. WorldCat record id: 48756913 Thomas Grey Wicker was born in Hamlet, N.C., o...

Hartsough, David

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6xk8mgt (person)

Bond family.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6551gzt (family)

Thrasher, Sue

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w61z49m3 (person)

Desmond, Eugene.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66d5zqq (person)

Bond, Max, 1935-2009.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6mk6j6v (person)

Fund for Reconciliation and Development

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6hj0k1g (corporateBody)

Bond, James, 1863-1929

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6zk5mz8 (person)

Youth Citizenship Fund.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6qk1hb8 (corporateBody)

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6qs5m3z (person)

Martin Luther King, Jr. (b. January 15, 1929, Atlanta, Georgia –d. April 4, 1968, Memphis, Tennessee) was an American Baptist minister and activist who was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience. King helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. In 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize and in 1965, he helped to organize the Selma to M...

Hayden, Tom,

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6474gpr (person)

Gershenhorn, Jerry

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6p273pk (person)

Romaine, Howard MacArthur, 1942-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6z03f1g (person)

Bond, Horace Mann, 1904-1972

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w63f4v8p (person)

Educator, sociologist, scholar, and author. From the description of Horace Mann Bond papers, 1830-1979 (bulk 1926-1972). (University of Massachusetts Amherst). WorldCat record id: 48383227 Horace Mann Bond (1904-1972), African American educator, sociologist, and author. Bond married Julia Agnes Washington (1908-2007), author and librarian, in 1930. The Bonds had three children: Marguerite Jane (1938-), Horace Julian (1940-), and James George (1944-). From the des...

Lewis, John, 1940 February 21-2020

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6nz8djj (person)

John Robert Lewis (February 21, 1940 – July 17, 2020) was an American politician, statesman, and civil rights activist and leader who served in the United States House of Representatives for Georgia's 5th congressional district from 1987 until his death in 2020. He was the chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) from 1963 to 1966. Lewis was one of the "Big Six" leaders of groups who organized the 1963 March on Washington. He fulfilled many key roles in the civil right...

Bond, Horace Julian, 1940-2015

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6jv0dh3 (person)

Civil rights activist, state representative, and state senator Julian Bond was born on January 14, 1940 in Nashville, Tennessee. He and his family moved to Pennsylvania, where his father, Horace Mann Bond, was appointed president of Lincoln University.In 1957, Julian Bond graduated from the George School, a Quaker school in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and entered Morehouse College. In 1960, Julian Bond was one of several hundred students who helped form the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Commit...

Hooten, James

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6833z8n (person)

Yarrow, Peter, 1938-....

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6b56qxq (person)

Folk singers. From the description of Autograph sheet of music, signed : [n.p.], [197-?]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270914757 ...

Jones, Van,

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6wd45sx (person)

Reagan, Ronald, 1911-2004

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w67b4tq9 (person)

Ronald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004) was the 40th President of the United States and served two terms in office from 1981 to 1989. He was born on February 6, 1911, in Tampico, Illinois, the second son of Nelle Wilson and John Edward ("Jack") Reagan. His father nicknamed him "Dutch" as a baby. In 1920 the family resettled in Dixon, Illinois. In 1928 Reagan graduated from Dixon High School, where he had been student body president, an actor in school plays, and a student athlete. He partici...

American Foundation for Equal Rights

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6tj2mm2 (corporateBody)

McGovern, George S. (George Stanley), 1922-2012

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6039fz6 (person)

George Stanley McGovern (July 19, 1922 – October 21, 2012) was an American politician, historian, U.S. representative, U.S. senator, and the Democratic Party presidential nominee in the 1972 presidential election. McGovern grew up in Mitchell, South Dakota, where he was a renowned debater. He volunteered for the U.S. Army Air Forces upon the country's entry into World War II and as a B-24 Liberator pilot flew 35 missions over German-occupied Europe from a base in Italy. Among the medals besto...

Woodson, Carter Godwin, 1875-1950

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6h23s6h (person)

Carter Godwin Woodson, educator and historian, was considered the Father of Black History. He was born December 19, 1875, New Canton, Virginia. He was an African-American historian, author, and journalist who, in 1915, founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History. In 1926 he pioneered the concept of a "Negro History Week," which was later expanded into Black History Month. Woodson died at his home in the Shaw neighborhood of Washington, D.C., on April 3, 1950....

Rangel, Charles B., 1930-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6w48mmt (person)

Charles Bernard Rangel (born June 11, 1930) is an American politician who was a U.S. representative for districts in New York from 1971 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the second-longest serving incumbent member of the House of Representatives at the time of his retirement, serving continuously since 1971. As its most senior member, he was also the Dean of New York's congressional delegation. Rangel was the first African-American Chair of the influential House Ways and Means Co...

Chavez, Cesar, 1927-1993

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w65v4b6b (person)

Cesar Chavez (b. March 31, 1927, Yuma, AZ – d. April 23, 1993, San Luis, AZ) was an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (later the United Farm Workers union, UFW) in 1962. Originally a Mexican American farm worker, Chavez became the best known Latino American civil rights activist, and was strongly promoted by the American labor movement, which was eager to enroll Hispanic members. His public-relations approac...

Leahy, Patrick J. (Patrick Joseph), 1940-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w68t5fq8 (person)

Patrick Joseph Leahy (born March 31, 1940) is an American politician and attorney. A member of the Democratic Party, he has represented Vermont in the U.S. Senate since 1975. Leahy has twice served as president pro tempore of the United States Senate, from December 2012 until January 2015 and since January 2021. The dean of the state's congressional delegation, Leahy is Vermont's longest-serving U.S. Senator, as well as the only Democrat ever elected to the U.S. Senate from Vermont. Born in M...

Pelosi, Nancy, 1940-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6n40npx (person)

Nancy Pelosi is the 52nd Speaker of the House of Representatives, having made history in 2007 when she was elected the first woman to serve as Speaker of the House. Now in her third term as Speaker, Pelosi made history again in January 2019 when she regained her position second-in-line to the presidency, the first person to do so in more than 60 years. As Speaker, Pelosi is fighting For The People, working to lower health care costs, increase workers’ pay through strong economic growth and rebui...

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6k17w53 (corporateBody)

Organizational History and List of Officers Organizational History 1909 Issued the “Call,” a statement calling for a conference to protest discrimination and violence against African Americans Convened the National Negro Conference on May 31 and June 1, New York, N.Y. E...

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w65f9js6 (corporateBody)

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was created in 1960 at Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina. Its purpose was to coordinate the student protest movement. SNCC led voter registration drives in Mississippi and other southern states, held civil rights demonstrations advocating social integration, and sponsored the Freedom Summer of 1964 in Mississippi....

Carmichael, Stokely, 1941-1998

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6cd1sns (person)

Stokely Carmichael was born in Trinidad and moved to New York City with his family in 1952. In 1964 he graduated from Howard University with a B.A. in Philosophy; the same year he became a field secretary of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). In 1966 he was elected chairman of SNCC....

Voter Education Project, Inc. (Atlanta, Ga.)

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6g55h74 (corporateBody)

Voter Education Project (VEP) raised and distributed foundation funds to civil rights organizations for voter education and registration work in the southern United States from 1962 to 1992. The project was federally endorsed by the Kennedy administration in hopes that the organizations of the ongoing Civil Rights Movement would shift their focus away from demonstrations and more towards the support of voter registration....

Hayden, Casey, 1937-2023

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66n40s2 (person)

Cason Hayden was an American radical student activist and civil rights worker in the 1960s. Recognized for her defense of direct action in the struggle against racial segregation, in 1960 she was an early recruit to Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). With Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in Mississippi, Hayden was a strategist and organizer for the 1964 Freedom Summer. In the internal discussion that followed its uncertain outcome, she clashed with the SNCC national executi...

Kilson, Martin

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w67q0hz0 (person)

Kilson earned his Harvard AM in 1958 and his PhD in 1959. From the description of Thomas Hobbes : materialist and idealist / by Martin L. Kilson, Jr. April 1956. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 228512973 Dr. Martin L. Kilson, Jr. is Harvard's Frank G. Thomson Professor of Government, Emeritus. He received his bachelor's degree from Lincoln University in 1953. From Lincoln, Dr. Kilson went on to earn his master's degree and Ph.D., respectively, in political science ...

Conyers, John, Jr., 1929-2019

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6z90w7h (person)

John James Conyers Jr. (May 16, 1929 – October 27, 2019) was an American politician of the Democratic Party who served as a U.S. Representative for Michigan from 1965 to 2017. The districts he represented always included part of western Detroit. During his final three terms, his district included many of Detroit's western suburbs, as well as a large portion of the Downriver area. Conyers served more than fifty years in Congress, becoming the sixth-longest serving member of Congress in U.S. hi...

Louisville Conference on Literature and Culture Since 1900 2009 : Chicago)

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6bp6q4k (corporateBody)

People for the American Way

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6dc1tpm (corporateBody)

Organizational History People for the American Way (PFAW) was founded in 1981 by Norman Lear, Barbara Jordan, Father Theodore Hesburgh, and Andrew Heiskell. PFAW is dedicated to promoting equality, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion. Their operational mission includes promoting progressive policies, electing progressive candidates, and holding public officials accountable. Josh Glasstetter from PFAW read in the New York Times about th...

Mississippi Freedom Project

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6rv51dz (corporateBody)

Jeffries, Hasan Kwame.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w61v9gx2 (person)

Bond, Julia W. (Julia Washington)

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6q2829x (person)

Librarian Julia Agnes Washington Bond was born on June 20, 1908, in Nashville, Tennessee, where her parents graduated from Fisk University. Bond's mother, Daisy Agnes Turner Washington, worked as a teacher, and her father, George Elihu Washington, served as the principal of Pearl High School. Both stressed the importance of education. Bond attended Meigs Middle Magnet School until the eighth grade, and then went on to Pearl High School, where she graduated in 1924 when she was sixteen years old....